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cÖwZwóZ †¯úb, Kvq‡iv, Kv‡Wvfvi D”Pwkÿv cÖwZóv‡bi BD‡ivcxq QvÎiv BD‡ivc beRvMib ev †iubmv Avbvqb Kivi ci wkÿK
gyljgvb‡`i‡K webvk Kivi Rb¨ HK¨eÏ nq Ges 1917 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mgMÖ gymwjg ivó MÖvm
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AvZvZ K‡i evsjv wenvi Dwol¨v `Lj K‡i
1757 mv‡j Ges †`k‡cÖwgK beve wmivR‡K nZ¨v K‡i wkLÛx gxi Rvdi‡K ÿgZvmxb K‡i|
GKUz BwZnv‡mi cvZv Dëv‡j †`Lv hv‡e µ‡mWvi ivRv dvwW©bvì I ivbx Bmv‡ejvi †hŠ_
Avµg‡bi gva¨‡g wcZ…NvwZ †¯ú‡bi gymwjg kvmK‡Ki cZ‡bi d‡j gymwjg we‡k¦i cZb Ges
mv¤ªvR¨ev`x µ‡mWvi cvðv‡Z¨i DÌvb ïiæ nq| 1492 mv‡j gymwjg †¯ú‡bi cZb I Lªxóvb
dvwW©bvW-Bmv‡ejvi DÌv‡bi ciB cyZ©~Mx‡Ri bvweKKMY wØwM¦R‡q †ei nq| Lªxóvb ivRKxq
mnvqZvq Kj¤^vm †cŠ‡”Q AvwgwiKvq, fv‡¯‹v `v Mvgv †cŠ‡”Q fvi‡Zi KvwjNvU e›`‡i| fv‡¯‹v
`v Mvgv‡K `wÿY Avwd«Kvi Øxc‡`k gv`vMv¯‹vi †_‡K c_ †`wL‡q fvi‡Z Av‡bb GKRb
gymwjg e¨emvqx| BD‡ivcxqiv c„w_exi †h e›`‡i †cuŠ‡”Q‡Q †m e›`‡iB †`‡L‡Q
gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZcwË gvbweK AvPiY| Giæc `k©‡b Zviv gymjgvb‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i e¨emvqx I
ivR‰bwZK cÖwZcÿ wnmv‡e mve¨¯Í K‡i| gvKomvi ev”Pvi gZB gymgvb‡bi †jevmavix
gybv‡dK gyk‡iK ÿgZv wjáyiv wek¦Ry‡o
gvby‡li gh©v`v I gvbevwaKvi nib K‡i P‡j‡Q| BivK, wjweqv, evg©v I k¨vg †`‡k
(_vBj¨vÛ) gymjgvb‡`i KiæY cwibwZ †fvM Ki‡Q| AvB, Gm, Zv‡jevb, ûRx, †RGgwe mn
bvbv bv‡g R½x msMVb ¸‡jvi mv‡_ gymjgvb‡`i m¤úK© Ly‡R cvIqv hvq bv| gymjgvbiv
gRjyg gvby‡li AwaKvi mggh©v`vq wek¦vmx| wek¦Ry‡o †h mg¯Í ivóª A¯¿‰Zix I weµx
K‡i Zv‡`iB †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v¸‡jv R½x ev mš¿mxi BÜb`vZv A_ev mwµq fv‡e Aciva msMwVZ
K‡i gymjgvb‡`i Nv‡o `vq `vwqZ¡ Pvcv‡”Q| Gw`‡K Zviv A¯¿ wewµ Ki‡Q Ab¨w`‡K
AvjøvnZvjvi cÖ`ß cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †Zj M¨vm mn g~j¨evb m¤ú` jy‡U †bIqvB Zv‡`i
D‡Ïk¨| GK_v ejv hvq gymwjg msL¨vMwió iv‡óªi Dci KZ…©Z eRv‡qi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i
e¨emv-evwbR¨ wkÿv cÖwZiÿv wbqš¿‡b †bIqvi j‡ÿ¨ Rw½ Kvh©µ‡gi `vq `vwqZ¡
gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡au Pvcv‡bi AccÖPvi hviv kvwšÍ I gvbeZvi `ylgb Zv‡`i cÿ †bIqvq cweÎ
†KviAvb I nvw`‡mi `„wó‡Z gymjgvb `vex Ki‡Z cv‡i wKbv Zv ÿgZvkxb gnvb
Avjøvn&cvKB Rv‡bb| fviZe‡l©i `ÿj`vi ivóª weªwUk 1947 mv‡ji 15B AvMó gvbweK
wech©q, mvgvwRK m¤úwË aŸsk K‡iI hLb ÿgvZv wbqš¿b ivL‡Z e¨_© n‡jv ZLb 1946 kv‡j
wn›`y-gymwjg `v½v evwa‡q e¨vcK MYnZ¨v Kivq| 1947 mv‡ji 15B AvMó MvwÜ, †b‡niæ,
c¨v‡Uj‡`i civgk© Avi gymwjgjx‡Mi wek¦vm NvZKZvq nvq`ªvev` ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠgZ¡
iv‡ói gvwjK nIqvi ciI 1 eQi 29 w`b ci 1948 mv‡ji 13B †m‡Þ¤^i ÔÔ†b‡niæ WKwUªbÓAbyhvqx
ÒAc‡ikb c‡jvÓ bv‡g cywjk A¨vKk‡bi Avov‡j wekvj mvgwiK evnxwb wb‡q Svwc‡q c‡o
nvq`vivev‡`i Dci| wn›`y¯’vbx evnxwb †g‡Z I‡V bviKxq MYnZ¨vq| jvL jvL gvbyl
MbnZ¨vq cÖvY nvivq wn›`y¯’vbx evwnwbi nv‡Z| awl©Z nq jÿvaxK bvix| Lyb al©b
AwMœms‡hvM, jyÚ‡bi gva¨‡g nvq`vivev`‡K wefxwlKvi g‡a¨ wb‡ÿc K‡i D‡ËvwjZ nq
wn›`y¯’v‡bi cZvKv| wn›`y¯’vb AwZ`ªæZ nvq`vive`‡K LÛ-weLÛ K‡i wgwk‡q †`q Zvi
wewfbœ iv‡R¨i mv‡_| wek¦ gvbwPÎ †_‡K gy‡Q hvq nvq`vivev‡`i Aw¯’Z¡| 1948 mv‡ji
13 †m‡Þ¤^i webv †g‡N eRªcv‡Zi g‡Zv cÖw_exi mebxwZ-wbqg, RvwZms‡Ni mb` `yÕcv‡q
gvwo‡q wns¯ª n‡qbvi g‡ZvB| VxK †hgbwU BivK, wjweqv, wmwiqv, wgki, B‡q‡gb,AviKvb
iwn½v, wdwj¯Ívb, AvdMvb¯’vb, Kvwk¥i mn gymwjg iv󪸇jvi †ejvq RvwZms‡Ni mb‡`i
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Avjøvn& cv‡Ki Ni gmwR`yj nvivgvB‡bi Lv‡`g †mŠw` ev`kv mn gymwjg iv󪸇jvi
HK¨e× fv‡e MYnZ¨v I wg_¨vPv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Kiv hLb Riæix ZLb Zviv
Avjøvn& cv‡Ki `ylgb‡`i wg_¨vPv‡ii c‡ÿ mg_©b †hvMv‡”Q| evsjv‡`k GLb Ò†b‡niæ
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c‡o‡Q| †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂj I wkÿv cÖwZôvb †_‡K †gavex QvÎiv nvwi‡q hv‡”Qv ev AcniY
n‡”Q| gmwR‡`i Bgvg mv‡ne‡`i †KviAvb I nvw`‡m Abyhvqx †Lvrev cvVI ch©‡eÿb Kiv
n‡”Q| A‡bK Bgvg mv‡ne‡K †Rvi c~e©K ev` †`Iqv n‡”Q wKsev AvBb k„sLjviÿvKvix
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bvMixK I gvbweK AwaKvi gyL _ye‡o covi Dcµg| hv ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wecbœ
nIqvi Avk¼v Ki‡Q †`k‡cÖwgK RbZv| 7 GwcÖj wn›`y¯’vb miKv‡ii Avgš¿‡b cÖavbgš¿x
†kL nvwmbv 4 w`‡bi md‡i hvIqvi K_v| G mdi †K›`ªxK wn›`y¯’v‡bi msev`c‡Îi cÖwZiÿv
Pyw³i msev` cÖKvk nIqvi ciB evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡bi gv‡S AZ¨všÍ VvÛv gv_vq R½x AvZs¼
Qwo‡q †`Iqv n‡”Q| A¯¿avix mš¿vmx Puv`vevR, gv`K gnvRb‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvq Avbvi
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†emiKvix wkÿv cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Avq K‡g †M‡Q| wØZxq Mfxi mgy‡`ª e›`i e¨envi Kivi
my‡hvM Zviv Pvq| GQvovI Av‡iv Awfbœ mgm¨v wn›`y¯’vb m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q| c„w_exi
†Kvb †`‡kB Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i bvMwiK‡`i wmgvšÍ iÿx w`‡q ¸wjK‡i nZ¨vi bRxi bvB| wKš‘
wn›`y¯’vb exi `‡c© GUv K‡i P‡j‡Q| wmgvšÍ GjvKvq gv`K ‰Zix K‡i evsjv‡`‡k
evRviRvZ Ki‡Q| wn›`y¯’vbx wUwf P¨v‡bj¸‡jvi AvZ¥NvwZg~jK Qwe cÖ`k©b Kiv| †`‡ki
wkí Kj-KviLvbv e‡Üi bvbv Pµv‡šÍi Awf‡hvM i‡q‡Q| AbymÜvbKv‡j Ges †MÖßv‡ii Av‡M
Gme welq¸‡jv LwZ‡q †`Lv DwPr| Kv‡iv `~i`„wói Afve, A_ev AÜAvbyM‡Z¨i Kvi‡b
nvq`vivev‡`i gZ fvM¨ eiY Ki‡Z n‡j hviv AvR RbM‡Yi Rvbgvj I iv‡óªi wbivcËvi Dci
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f‚j n‡e| RvwZmsN ZLb I wbie _vK‡e| ZvB Avgv‡`i cÖwZiÿvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i Aeva
Rvbv ev Avgv‡`i cÖwZiÿv evnxwbi m`m¨‡`i †mLvb‡_‡K cÖwkÿ‡bi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡j gvKomvi
ev”Pvi Rb¥ `vZv gv‡qi gZB Ae¯’v n‡e| G
Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z gymwjg RvZxqev`‡K wek¦vmx‡`i my`„p HK¨ n‡Z n‡e| ivR‰bwZK
Kg©x‡`i fxwËnxb gvgjvq †MÖdZvi eÜ Kiv AcniYK…Z‡`i D×vi Ges AcniYKvwi‡`i AvB‡bi AvIZvq G‡b Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ AewnZ I wPwýZ
K‡i wePv‡ii gyLgyLx Kiv| mKj iR‰bwZK `j‡K mfv mgv‡ek Ki‡Z †`Iqv A_ev ÿgZvmxj I
ÿgZvi evB‡i _vKv mK‡ji mgv‡ek eÜ Kiv| kvmK‡`i c‡ivÿ g`‡` DMÖivRbxwZ e‡Ü
†ckv`vix‡Z¡i cwiPq †`Iqv| cÖwZiÿv mn wn›`y¯’v‡bi mv‡_ mKj Pzw³ Kvh©µg ¯’MxZ
Kiv| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ jovBKvix‡`i wew”QbZvev`x wnmv‡e wPwýZ †_‡K weiZ _vKv| gymwjg
RvZxqZvev`B †Kej we‡k¦ kvwšÍ I gvbevaxKvi wdwi‡q Avb‡Z mÿg|‡hgb wn›`y¯’vb mn
wewfbœ Agymwjg iv‡óª gvIev` mn wewfbœ nvgjv †K Zviv R½x wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i bv |
wKš‘ gymwjg iv‡óª wewfbœ nvgjv †K R½x wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kivi wcQ‡b lohš¿ i‡q‡Q GgbwU
`vex Kiv wK fzj n‡e? AvR‡K mgq gymwjg ivóª ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we‡fa `yi K‡i ivR‰bwZK
†avKv †_‡K wb‡R‡`i iÿv Ki‡Z HK¨e× n‡Z mÿg n‡j MbnZ¨v I `Lj `vwi‡Z¡i bv‡g R½x
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